PR via NewsEdge Corporation : WALTHAM, Mass., Feb. 19 /PRNewswire/ -- Decision Resources, Inc., one of the world's leading research and advisory firms focusing on pharmaceutical and health care issues, forecasts that sales of antipsychotics and anticonvulsants for the bipolar drug market will reach $2.6 billion in 2011; this figure will represent nearly 90% of the total bipolar disorder drug market. (Photo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20000303/DECISION ) "Growth in the on- and off-label use of antipsychotics and anticonvulsants will be the key market driver for the bipolar disorder drug market from 2001 through 2011," said Timothy Gasperoni, Ph.D., analyst at Decision Resources. "These agents will expand the range of therapeutic options for the short- and long-term treatment of manic and depressive symptoms -- particularly for the estimated 30-50% of patients who are unable to tolerate or fail to respond to lithium, the current standard of care." The new Pharmacor study entitled Bipolar Disorder also finds that Bristol- Myers Squibb's Abilify (aripiprazole) will spur market growth. "Despite its limited regulatory approval (i.e., for acute mania only) and its patent expiration in all markets in 2009, we expect Abilify to garner more than 11% of the bipolar disorder market in 2011," continued Dr. Gasperoni. Disease Background-Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric illness characterized by recurrent episodes of aberrant mood. Mood episodes vary in duration among patients and feature symptoms of mania, depression, hypomania (a less severe form of mania), or a mixture of both depression and mania. Although more than 5 million people in the seven major pharmaceutical markets (United States, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and Japan) are afflicted with bipolar disorder, drug development for this indication has remained relatively stagnant. About Pharmacor from Decision Resources Pharmacor is a unique family of studies based on primary and secondary research conducted by Decision Resources' on-staff experts. Each comprehensive study assesses a host of market-impacting factors and analyzes the commercial outlook for drugs in research and development. Cardium, Cognos, Immune and Inflammatory Disorders, Infectious Disease, Metabolic Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, and Onkos concentrate on specific therapeutic areas. Mosaic covers high-interest disease states. Bipolar Disorder is a Psychiatric Disorders study. About Decision Resources Decision Resources, Inc., is a world leader in research publications, advisory services, and consulting designed to help clients shape strategy, allocate resources, and master their chosen markets. The company provides strategic information services, and assesses international pharmaceutical and health care industry trends. Visit Decision Resources at www.decisionresources.com. All company, brand, or product names contained in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. For more information, contact: Elizabeth Marshall Decision Resources, Inc. 781-296-2563 emarshall dresources.com SOURCE Decision Resources, Inc. -0- 02/19/2003 /CONTACT: Elizabeth Marshall of Decision Resources, Inc., +1-781-296-2563, emarshall dresources.com/ /Photo: NewsCom: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20000303/DECISION AP Archive: http://photoarchive.ap.org PRN Photo Desk, 888-776-6555 or 212-782-2840/ CO: Decision Resources, Inc. ST: Massachusetts IN: MTC HEA PUB SU: SVY ES-CP -- NEW022 -- 5479 02/19/2003 10:37 EST http://www.prnewswire.com <> << Copyright ©2003 PR Newswire >>

Abstract: Amino-pyrimidine and amino-triazine derivatives having 5-HT 7 antagonist activity for the treatment of sleeping disorders, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, ocular disorders and/or centrally and peripherally mediated hypertension are provided. European Patents via NewsEdge Corporation : Abstract: Amino-pyrimidine and amino-triazine derivatives having 5-HT 7 antagonist activity for the treatment of sleeping disorders, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, ocular disorders and/or centrally and peripherally mediated hypertension are provided. Pub. No.: EP 1280781 Appl. Data: EP 01928857 2001 04 25 If you would like to purchase a copy of this patent, please call MicroPatent at 800-648-6787. Applicant: Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. << Copyright ©2003 MicroPatent >>

Some 8.4 million of country's population afflicted by Depression Karachi Feb 15 : Owing to its disabilities and cost burden for affected families, depression has been identified, in recent period of time, as a major serious health issue, tormenting some 8.4 million of country's population which constitutes 6 % of the total ratio and incurring heavy economic burden on the sufferers. Pakistan Press International via NewsEdge Corporation : Karachi Feb 15 (PPI): Owing to its disabilities and cost burden for affected families, depression has been identified, in recent period of time, as a major serious health issue, tormenting some 8.4 million of country's population which constitutes 6 % of the total ratio and incurring heavy economic burden on the sufferers. Talking to PPI, Dr. Amin Gadet, Head of Psychology Department, Hamdard University while discussing the enormous economic stress of the problem informed that on account of huge cost of its burden in financial terms, an overwhelming majority of victims of the disease which is almost 3 % of the total sufferer, are unable to seek remedy of their problems besides adding to the misery of illness and loss of associated productivity. "The annual earmarking in national budget for the health sector is critically low and owing to the fact that average income of majority of the victims of the disease is far from satisfactory, the partial support from charitable organizations, public sector hospitals, insurance cover and medical facilities by organizations, can hardly cater to the medical requirements of needy patients". He underscored the need to enhance health budgets and increase efforts towards preventive strategies besides pursuing further research on health economics with generation of appropriate database by the government. "Depressive disorders, when afflict any individual, are under diagnosed and under treated and it transpired during successive experiments that inadequate diagnosis and treatment of depression are primarily responsible for most of the costs of these disorders". "Some 50 % to 60 % of the patients with significant depression are found to be inaccurately diagnosed and recent data available clearly suggested that only one in three people victimized by the disease, seek specific treatment for their condition while overwhelming number avoid defining themselves as depressed when they consult a health care provider" he added. Dr. Gadet opined that their condition is partly due to the fact that they perceive themselves as hopeless, unwilling to accept a diagnosis of depressive disorders and above all, are apprehensive of the stigmatization and loss of their jobs. "It was ironically also observed that many physicians are reluctant to diagnose patients as depressed and it was found in majority of the cases they often focussed their diagnosis and treatment efforts on patients accompanying physical symptoms which includes fatigue, weight loss, headache, gastrointestinal disorders, pains and sleep disorders rather than on depression". "Besides it was also noted that of the 2/3rd of depressed patients who specifically did not refer themselves for depression, 80 % were seen for other physical complaints and of these patients only, one in eight was correctly diagnosed by their primary care provider as suffering from depressive illness while significant depression often remained undiagnosed for years" he pointed out. While underlining multifarious complications associated with depression, Dr. Gadet said that investigations have clearly manifested that depression enhances medical utilization for a variety of somatic complaints, the most common being weakness, lethargy, headaches, backaches, insomnia and gastrointestinal disorders. "These complaints often produce unnecessary hospitalization, physicians visits, diagnostic tests and prescriptions for analgesics, anxiolytics, sedatives and gastrointestinal medications. They use emergency services three to four times and call about health problems and for medication changes four to five times more often than non- depressed enrollees". He lamented about the fact that there is a pressure to refer patients with psychiatric disorders to the lowest level of provider who can address their needs and to treat them in the least restrictive, most cost sensitive environment. Multiple barriers which often make no clear sense have been created to limit access to psychiatrists and psychiatric inpatient care. Talking about total cost of the depression suffered by the victims, he said out of the total patients 50 % do not seek treatment at any stage and this brings the figure of 4.2 million peoples who seek treatment. According to the calculation total cost of depression comes to around Rs. 1,56,600 per annum including direct cost of outpatient consultation, medication, service fees, laboratory, hospitalization and indirect cost which includes pre mature death of supporter temporal sick leave, handicap low productivity. When the above amount is multiplied with 42 hundred thousand patients, the amount comes to Rs. 632.5 billion which is equal to US $ 10.54 Billion ( 1 US $- Rs. 60 Pak. Rupees). Keeping in view the high economic cost burden incurred by individuals and the society, he emphasized the exigency that it is the high time that the government should seriously review and revise its health policy with appropriate and justifiable allocation of budget to cater for the mental health need of the society. (THROUGH ASIA PULSE) 15-02 2003 <> << Copyright ©2003 Asia Pulse Pte Ltd. >>

Astra Zeneca has submitted an application for registration of Seroquel in 14 EU member states which participate in the mutual approvals procedure. Chemical Business NewsBase - Dagens Industri via NewsEdge Corporation : Astra Zeneca has submitted an application for registration of Seroquel (quetiapin) in 14 EU member states which participate in the mutual approvals procedure. The application is for an extension of the approval to include the treatment of manic episodes in manic depression and is based on a comprehensive programme of clinical studies in manic depressive patients aimed at determining efficacy and tolerance. The results from the study indicate that Seroquel has a pronounced positive effect both as a single therapy and in combination with other drugs (lithium or divalproex) and support the claim that Seroquel is an excellent treatment of first choice. Applications for extended approval are planned for other markets throughout the world. At present Seroquel is only approved for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. The market for treatment of manic depression is estimated at several billions of US dollars. Seroquel is the fastest growing atypical antipsychotic on the market, with global sales of $1.1 bn in 2002. Publication: Chemical Business NewsBase - Dagens Industri Distributed by Financial Times Information Limited - Asia Africa Intelligence Wire <> << Copyright ©2003 Financial Times Limited, All Rights Reserved >>

According to recent research from the United States, "preferential increases in both cortical dopamine and acetylcholine release have been proposed to distinguish the atypical antipsychotic drugs clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone from typical APDs such as haloperidol. Drug Week via NewsEdge Corporation : According to recent research from the United States, "preferential increases in both cortical dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) release have been proposed to distinguish the atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone from typical APDs such as haloperidol. Although only clozapine and ziprasidone are directly acting 5-HT1A agonists; WAY100635, a selective 5-HT1A antagonist, partially attenuates these atypical APD induced increases in cortical DA release that may be due to combined blockade. However, WAY100635 does not attenuate clozapine induced cortical ACh release. "The present study determined whether quetiapine, iloperidone, and melperone; 5-HT2A/D-2 antagonist atypical APDs, also increase cortical DA and ACh release, and whether these effects are related to 5-HT1A agonism. Quetiapine (30 mg/kg), iloperidone (1-10 mg/kg), and melperone (3-10 mg/kg) increased DA and ACh release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Iloperidone (10 mg/kg) and melperone (10 mg/kg), but not quetiapine (30 mg/kg), produced an equivalent or a smaller increase in DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAC), respectively, compared to the mPFC; whereas none of them increased ACh release in the NAC. WAY100635 (0.2 mg/kg), which alone did not affect DA or ACh release, partially attenuated quetiapine (30 mg/kg), iloperidone (10 mg/kg), and melperone (10 mg/kg) induced DA release in the mPFC. WAY100635 also partially attenuated quetiapine (30 mg/kg) induced ACh release in the mPFC, but not that induced by iloperidone (10 mg/kg) or melperone (10 mg/kg)," wrote J. Ichikawa. The researchers concluded: "These results indicate that quetiapine, iloperidone and melperone preferentially increase DA release in the mPFC, compared to the NAC via a 5-HT1A-related mechanism. However, 5-HT1A agonism may be important only for quetiapine-induced ACh release." Ichikawa and colleagues published their study in Brain Research (Atypical antipsychotic drugs, quetiapine, iloperidone, and melperone, preferentially increase dopamine and acetylcholine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex: Role of 5-HT1A receptor agonism. Brain Res, 2002;956(2):349-357). For additional information, contact J. Ichikawa, Hospital of Psychiatry, 1601 23rd Avenue S, 1st Floor Laboratory, Room 1117, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. To subscribe to the journal Brain Research, contact the publisher: Elsevier Science BV, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands. The information in this article comes under the major subject areas of Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Drugs and Antipsychotic Therapy. This article was prepared by Drug Week editors from staff and other reports. <> << Copyright ©2003 NewsRx.com >>

VERNON HILLS, Ill.-- today announced that the diagnostic test to detect Alzheimer's disease , being developed by its wholly owned subsidiary, Molecular Geriatrics Corporation , is useful to differentiate patients with geriatric major depression from patients with AD. Business Wire via NewsEdge Corporation : VERNON HILLS, Ill.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Feb. 12, 2003--Hemoxymed, Inc. (OTC BB:HMYD) today announced that the diagnostic test to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD), being developed by its wholly owned subsidiary, Molecular Geriatrics Corporation (MGC), is useful to differentiate patients with geriatric major depression from patients with AD. A study published in the February 2003 issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry concluded that the diagnostic test being developed by MGC measures a potential biological marker that is useful in the differentiation of patients with major geriatric depression from patients with Alzheimer's disease. MGC's diagnostic test measures levels of an abnormally phosphorylated brain protein (tau protein) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Increased CSF concentrations of phosphorylated tau (ptau) protein have been suggested as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. "The results of the study reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry indicated that levels of ptau protein were significantly higher in Alzheimer's disease patients than in geriatric major depression patients and healthy comparison subjects. This is significant because differentiation of geriatric major depression from Alzheimer's disease has been hampered due to overlapping symptoms. While memory loss is a sign of AD, in many cases depression may be the cause of the memory loss. Clinicians who can differentiate their patients with AD from those with geriatric major depression have options in treating these patients," said John F. DeBernardis, Ph.D., President and COO of both MGC and Hemoxymed and a co-author of the publication. "We continue to be pleased by the performance of the diagnostic test we are developing to detect Alzheimer's disease," said Bruce N. Barron, Chairman and CEO of both MGC and Hemoxymed. "Based on the results of studies aggregating samples from over 1300 patients, our diagnostic test has been able to consistently differentiate patients with Alzheimer's disease from patients with other neurological diseases, patients with other relevant forms of dementia and normal controls with an overall sensitivity and specificity in the 85% to 95% range. We are currently exploring our options for the final clinical and regulatory development of our AD diagnostic test," concluded Mr. Barron. Molecular Geriatrics Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hemoxymed, Inc., is engaged in the research and development of a diagnostic to detect Alzheimer's disease and novel therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Hemoxymed SAS, the other wholly owned subsidiary of Hemoxymed, Inc., is developing a drug delivery technology that involves a novel therapeutic process designed to increase tissue oxygenation. NOTE: "Safe Harbor" Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This news release contains certain forward-looking statements based on the hopes and expectations of the management of Hemoxymed and MGC. There are certain key factors that could cause future results to differ from those anticipated by the companies' managements and Boards of Directors including, but not limited to, the risk that they do not complete the development of the diagnostic test to detect Alzheimer's disease or any of their other proposed products. CONTACT: Hemoxymed, Inc. David Ellison, 847/573-8000 KEYWORD: ILLINOIS INDUSTRY KEYWORD: MEDICAL PHARMACEUTICAL SOURCE: Hemoxymed, Inc. Today's News On The Net - Business Wire's full file on the Internet with Hyperlinks to your home page. URL: http://www.businesswire.com <> << Copyright ©2003 Business Wire >>

The antipsychotic drug Clozaril has received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's first indication for reducing the risk of recurrent suicidal behavior in people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA via NewsEdge Corporation : The antipsychotic drug Clozaril has received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) first indication for reducing the risk of recurrent suicidal behavior in people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The decision was due in large part to an international clinical trial led by Vanderbilt's Dr. Herbert Meltzer, director of the division of psychopharmacology, that compared Clozaril to the more commonly prescribed drug Zyprexa. About 1% of the general population worldwide has schizophrenia or the closely related schizoaffective disorder - more than 2 million Americans. Over their lifetime, as many as 40% of people with these disorders will attempt suicide and 10% of them will die due to suicide. Annually in the United States, there are an estimated 40,000 serious suicide attempts among people with schizophrenia and 80,000 hospitalizations to prevent attempts. The lives of about 4,000 people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder end by suicide. The Archives of General Psychiatry chronicled results of the International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT), which show Clozaril, made by Novartis, reduced suicide and hospitalization for suicidal behavior among people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder by 26% compared to Zyprexa, which could translate into an estimated 1000 U.S. lives saved each year. "There would be 10,000 fewer suicide attempts and 20,000 fewer hospitalizations annually, with greatly reduced costs for treatment and, of course, suffering to the individuals and their families," said Meltzer, the Bixler/Johnson/Mays Professor of Psychiatry, professor of pharmacology. "Suicide is the most feared outcome in the field of mental health treatment," Meltzer said. "The remarkable finding from InterSePT is that treatment with clozapine reduced suicidal events by up to a quarter over and above an established and effective antipsychotic." InterSePT began in 1998 and randomized 980 subjects at 67 sites in 11 countries, including 13 patients at Vanderbilt, to receive, on average, 275 mg per day of Clozaril or 17 mg per day of olanzapine (Zyprexa) for the duration of the 2-year study. Most people on Clozaril chose to continue it after the study ended. The drug reduced the number of suicidal behaviors (actions by a patient that put that patient at risk of death) compared to Zyprexa by 25%. The study also found that the amount of frequency of additional medications required to improve mood and suicidality was significantly less with Clozaril. Meltzer initiated the interest in the possibility that Clozaril had special effectiveness to reduce suicide in 1994 when he and a psychiatric research assistant, Dr. Ghadeer Okayli, found an 80% reduction in the number of people who made at least one suicide attempt among 88 people with schizophrenia who took the drug compared to the frequency in the 2 years before beginning treatment with Clozaril. Yet a fear of agranulocytosis, a potentially fatal complication that drastically decreases white blood cell counts, which Meltzer believes is disproportionate to the true risk, has prevented the drug from being widely used for patients who have persistent delusions and hallucinations, despite adequate trials with other antipsychotic drugs. The drug is now prescribed as a last resort, to about 5% of people with schizophrenia who have not benefited from Zyprexa, Risperdal, Geodone or Seroquel, the mainstays of current treatment for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, which are prescribed, Meltzer estimated, to about 85% of the patients, the rest receiving the first generation of antipsychotics such as Haldol. Subsequent studies, including a key Boston University epidemiology study in 1995 of all 65,000 people who had been started on Clozaril, provided strong evidence for a marked decrease in suicide deaths for those who continued to take the drug. Meltzer proposed that Novartis fund a clinical trial to compare Clozaril to Zyprexa in order to establish its ability to reduce the risk of suicide. But the drug's patent was running out, opening the door for generics while closing a window of opportunity, in the form of economic incentives for the drug maker, to study the drug in a controlled clinical trial. Officials in the FDA's psychopharmacology division first balked, then changed their minds after they reconsidered the issue of "pseudospecificity." Until then, all new drugs for schizophrenia had to prove they were effective in treating delusions and hallucinations but not the totality of the symptoms and signs, which include cognitive impairment, negative symptoms (withdrawal, lack of motivation, anhedonia and diminished energy), mood and anxiety symptoms. Pseudospecificity eliminated the possibility that these other elements of the disease could be separate targets for treatment with drugs. "This idea represented an overvaluation of the gains to be achieved by treating psychosis," Meltzer said. "It was very apparent that was not the correct view. The various types of symptoms can be readily shown to be independent elements; beneath that they may stem from independent biology, including genetic factors." Presented with the results of the Clozaril study, the FDA acknowledged that the pseudospecificity perspective no longer governs its approach to approval of drugs for schizophrenia. "I believe this will have a great impact on stimulating more research to tackle other components of the illness, especially cognitive function, which I personally believe is the key feature of the illness that causes it to have such a devastating effect on work and social function," Meltzer said. In 1994 Meltzer and colleagues published the first evidence that any antipsychotic drug (they studied Clozaril) could significantly improve the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. "Understanding this effect, which is shared to a greater or lesser extent by all the new antipsychotic drugs, is the major focus of our clinical and preclinical research," Meltzer said. His group includes Drs. Junji Ichikawa, Myung Lee and Tianlai Tang. The FDA's blessing gives Novartis the exclusive right to market Clozaril for people with schizophrenia at risk of suicide, which led to the company's funding of InterSePT. "It shows how good clinical, bedside observations can identify possible treatments, that can then lead to research collaborations between academia and industry," Meltzer said (Meltzer HY, Alphs L, Green AI, et al., "Clozapine treatment for suicidality in schizophrenia: International suicide prevention trial (InterSePT). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2003;60(1):82-91). The study could lead to clinical trials of Clozaril to prevent suicide in people with bipolar disorder, a disease that affects as many people as schizophrenia but carries twice the rate of suicide deaths. It has also focused the attention of the American Psychiatric Association, which will soon publish new guidelines for treating suicidal patients in all diagnoses. This article was prepared by Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA editors from staff and other reports. <> << Copyright ©2003 NewsRx.com >>

Mental disorders affect 44.3 million Americans in a given year. According to analysts the current global CNS therapeutics market is estimated at $40-55 billion, accounting for around 15% of the total global pharmaceuticals market. M2 PRESSWIRE via NewsEdge Corporation : Mental disorders affect 44.3 million Americans in a given year. According to analysts the current global CNS therapeutics market is estimated at $40-55 billion, accounting for around 15% of the total global pharmaceuticals market. From a geographical perspective, the US accounts for about two-thirds of this revenue. Affective disorders (including depression) and anxiety are amongst the 10 leading causes of disability in the US and other developed countries, affecting 9.5% and 15% of the US population respectively. Antidepressants, which are also used for the treatment of anxiety, are largely limited to the modulation of monoamine activity and new therapeutic opportunities have displayed limited mechanistic diversity. Despite the development of newer antidepressants undesirable side effects remain a problem as does the slow onset of activity. Furthermore, approximately 30% of the population do not respond to current therapies. Thus, although the anti-depressant/anxiolytic market is, in general, mature there is considerable therapeutic and commercial potential attached to the development of new molecules with novel mechanisms of action. In contrast, Alzheimer's disease occupies a small share of the total CNS market but is currently experiencing massive growth. Most current therapies or molecules in advanced development for Alzheimer's disease compensate for altered neurotransmission and depend heavily on the inhibition of cholinesterase or the modulation of cholinergic receptors. More recent advances include the move towards targeting amyloid and molecules that reduce production, accumulation or toxicity of this molecule are likely to stand side by side with cholinergic modifying molecules in future strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Like the CNS market, drugs that have been launched for the treatment of hypertension are also massive revenue generators. Over the past decade, angiotensin II receptor antagonists have gradually been cutting into the market previously occupied by ACE inhibitors. Since the end of 2000, clinical trial data have been released suggesting that the angiotensin II receptor antagonists may have potential in a number of areas including diabetes and heart failure. As a result of the improved side-effect profile and expanded indications associated with the angiotensin II receptor antagonists this is the only class of antihypertensive compounds demonstrating significant growth. Current global sales are around $2 million and continue to increase by about 35% per year (based on sales figures from 1998-2001). Identification of additional indications is appealing since this will further boost sales. A body of data has been accumulating offering evidence that angiotensin receptor ligands may be of use in the treatment of depression, anxiety and cognitive disorders including Alzheimer's. Hence this class of molecule may bridge the two massive fields of CNS and cardiovascular disorders. LeadDiscovery in collaboration with Dr Paul Gard, global field leader in CNS actions of angiotensin ligands, has produced a dossier analyzing potential new indications for angiotensin II receptor antagonists. This report should allow companies previously involved in the development of this class as an approach to hypertension to significantly increase revenue potential. This report therefore overviews the clinical characteristics and current treatment options of the major CNS disorders for the benefit of cardiovascular disease experts. On the other hand this report also offers researchers in the field of CNS disorders the opportunity to assess the benefits of testing existing or future angiotensin receptor antagonists for antidepressant/anxiolytic or memory enhancing activity. Hence we offer a background to the angiotensin system for those with a focus on CNS disorders. A major part of this report describes in detail the evidence supporting an involvement of this system in the treatment of depression, anxiety and cognitive disorders including Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist may be able to treat each of these disorders. Furthermore, agonists of the angiotensin type 4 receptor may be able to further stimulate cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients. Having established a proof of concept for using angiotensin receptor ligands for the treatment of CNS disorders, we then analyze the market and pharmaceutical activity surrounding these conditions. We identify those molecules on the market and in development for the treatment of depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease classifying each by pharmacological mode of action and by level of development. This shows that most molecules in development or on the market are limited to the modulation of monoamine activity. Through our trend analysis we identify which pharmacological classes are receiving growing attention and which are receiving decreasing interest. The results of these analyses support the claim that molecules with novel modes of action are currently in the spotlight. Likewise we identify angiotensin receptor ligands in development and classify them according to indication and level of development. This, and trend analysis clearly shows the level of maturity that angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptor antagonists have reached. We profile each of these molecules and show the limited indications for angiotensin receptor ligands therefore supporting the conclusion that the revenue generated this class could be dramatically boosted by expanding indication to include CNS disorders. We further show that the level of pharmaceutical activity surrounding angiotensin type 4 receptors is virtually non-existent, thereby offering additional opportunities. Moreover our analysis of patent activity suggests that little early stage research is currently being reported with respect to both type 4 receptor agonists or CNS indications of type 1 antagonists. Because the angiotensin system has the potential to span the two diverse therapeutic areas of CNS and cardiovascular disorders there is considerable scope for industrial collaboration. Companies with expertise in hypertension may wish to collaborate with those that have previously focussed on the CNS. Thus we identify companies involved in both area and further identify those companies with a history of co-development/in-licensing so as to encourage collaboration. Although there is significant scope for broadening the indications of existing angiotensin receptor antagonist to include CNS disorders the possible benefits of further early stage development are also clear. For example companies with large libraries of angiotensin-related molecules may consider screening or molecular modelling approaches to identify those compounds more suited for treating depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. Such molecules may be characterized by improved CNS penetration or they may have additional angiotensin type 4 receptor agonist activity. This reports therefore concludes by suggesting screening architectures that companies may wish to use to develop this most interesting, novel and potentially lucrative corner of the angiotensin system.. Dossier statistics: 19,952 words, overviews of clinical and economic aspects of depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease, overview of the angiotensin system, proof of concept and strategy for exploiting the angiotensin system for CNS disorders, an analysis of pharmaceutical activity surrounding antidepressant, anxiolytic and memory enhancing drugs, an analysis of pharmaceutical activity surrounding angiotensin receptor ligands including trend analyses, 21 drug profiles and patent activity, identification of companies involved in discovering and licensing molecules for the treatment of either CNS disorders or angiotensin receptor ligands, strategic advise for the exploitation of the angiotensin system for CNS disorders, recommended screening architecture and model selection. For a complete index of this report click on http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/10737 Report Index: 1. Summary 2. Background 3. Clinical && economic overviews Alzheimer's disease Depressive disorders Unipolar Disorders Bipolar Disorders Treatment strategies Reuptake inhibitors Tricyclic antidepressants 5-HT receptor antagonists Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Adrenoceptor antagonists Dopamine modulators Treatment guidelines Anxiety disorders Subtypes of anxiety disorders Panic disorder Phobic Disorders Agoraphobia Specific phobias Social Phobia Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder 4. A role for angiotensin in CNS disorders The angiotensin system: A background Proof of concept Pharmacogenomic considerations 5. Disease incidence and market values 6. Current development activity surrounding the renin-angiotensin pathway and also anxiety, depression and Alzheimer's disease Angiotensin receptor ligands Drugs in development or on the market classified by phase and company Trend analysis Recent patent activity Drug profiles candesartan eprosartan irbesartan losartan valsartan telmisartan saralasin olmesartan CS-866CMB KRH-594 pratosartan EG-005 CS-088 TY-10721 ETRX-101 angiotensin-II Antidepressants/anxiolytics Drugs in development or on the market classified by pharmacology, phase and company Trend analysis Antidepressants/anxiolytics Drugs in development or on the market classified by pharmacology, phase and company Trend analysis Memory enhancers Drugs in development or on the market classified by pharmacology, phase and company Trend analysis Companies involved in angiotensin R&&D "Originators" Co-developers && In-licensers Companies involved in antidepressant/anxiolytic R&&D "Originators" Co-developers && In-licensers 7. Strategic analysis Which target for which condition? 8. Screening architecture and model selection 9. Selected Field Leader About the contributors to this report Dr Paul Gard (Senior Lecturer, University of Brighton): Dr Gard was educated at Nottingham and Aston Universities and has since occupied positions at the Schools of Pharmacy at Brighton and the Cental Institute of Technology, Wellington, New Zealand. Currently senior lecturer at the University of Brighton and Pharmacology Dr Gard is responsible for a research group focussing on behavioral pharmacology, particularly the behavioral effects of steroid and peptide hormones and in particular Dr Gard is one of the only global experts in the CNS effects of angiotensin. Secondary research interests include targeted drug delivery and drug delivery implants/devices. Dr Jon Goldhill: Dr Jon Goldhill has over 10 years of academic and industrial research experience including 5 years in middle management at the French pharmaceutical giants, Sanofi-Synthelabo. Focussing on a variety of indications including inflammatory disorders, GI disease, Urological conditions and cancer, Dr Goldhill was responsible for target identification and project development. Dr Goldhill is now CEO and chief analyst at LeadDiscovery and coordinates the identification of candidate drug discovery projects with industrial potential. Report Pricing: Hard Copy EUR 528 (US$ 493). Site Licence EUR 1,072 (US$ 1,002). 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Data supplied by named party/parties. Further information on M2 PressWIRE can be obtained at http://www.presswire.net on the world wide web. Inquiries to info m2.com)). <> << Copyright ©2003 M2 Communications Ltd >>

В разделе диссертации размещены автореферат и диссертация

•     Головиной Аллы Геннадьевны
  • "Адаптация подростков больных шизофренией в родительской семье. (на примере приступообразно-прогредиентной и вялотекущей шизофрении)".